Effetti del daidzein sul comportamento mnemonico attraverso le variazioni del sistema neurotensinergico e di fattori infiammatori in aree limbiche di criceti high fat diet

Abstract

In the past years, growing indications have pointed to food diets as major factors capable of conditioning physical-social states in humans as suggested by high-fat containing food sources which, despite their extremely "tasteful" properties, are responsible for marked morpho-structural alterations in critical brain areas for the regulation of not only psycho-cognitive behaviors but above all for nutritional parameters. It is already known that food consumption and action mechanisms implicated in energetic homeostasis are part of a complex neuronal circuit that when they are altered tend to account for increased body weight and consequently the development of obesity, regarded a chronic disease leading to different medical co-morbidities such as cardiovascular diseases (especially hypertension), dyslipidemia and diabetes type 2. From these effects plus the avoidance of applying drugs with numerous collateral alterations have directed a greater attention towards the production of "safer" drugs natural deriving vegetable extracts such as daidzein (DZ), a glucosidic isoflavone capable of mimicking estrogenic activities at the brain level, which supplied neuroprotective values against increased body weight, elevated feeding duration and diminished locomotor activity of high fat diet (HFD) hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). This isoflavone also reduced anxiety-like behaviors in hyperlipidic animals as indicated by a greater time spent (p<0.01) in open arms of elevated plus maze (EPM) along with greater exploration (p<0.001) tendencies toward new objects of the novel object recognition (NOR) test. From a molecular point of view, DZ greatly protected the brain against neurodegeneration events as pointed out by few Amino Cupric Silver Stain granules in the hippocampus (HIP), hypothalamus (HTH) and amygdala (AMY) very likely via a diminished interaction of neurotensin receptor1 (anorexic neuropeptide; NTR1) GABAergic-leptin receptor levels in the latter two areas after the conditioned place preference (CPP) test. Contextually the recovered cognitive performances seemed to be tightly linked with reduced NTR1 expression levels in an ERβ manner for HIP after NOR test. In addition, such effects of DZ also strongly required increased levels of the antineuroinflammatory cytokine IL-10 that by reducing adenosine 5' monophosphate kinase (AMPK) and extracellular receptor kinase (ERK) widely improved cognitive together with exploratory behaviors. Overall, these first results supply important evidences on the neuroprotective values of DZ, which through NTR1 + IL-10 protective and repairing mechanisms of, aside the above limbic areas, also appetite-mediated brain centers known for their feeding, cognitive and endocrine functions, may surely comprise a good start for the introduction of novel therapeutic applications against obesity conditions.