Computational study of new drugs for photodynamic therapy

Abstract

Photodynamic'therapy'(PDT)'is'a'non:invasive'therapeutic'technique' for' the' treatment' of' different' kind' of' tumours' through' the' production' of' reactive'oxygen'species'(ROS)'that'act'as'cytotoxic'agents.'''' PDT'works' through' the' associated' events' of' three' key' components:' photosensitizer' (PS),' visible' or' near:infrared' region' light,' and' molecular' oxygen'in'tissues.'In'general,'after'the'injection'of'a'PS'agent'and'subsequent' accumulation' in' the' target' tissues,' the'agent' is'activated'by' a' radiation'with' appropriate' wavelength' to' give' a' photosensitization' of' the' endogenous' oxygen'(photoreaction'of'type'II)'or'the'production'of'free'radicals'from'the' surrounding'molecules' (photoreaction' of' type' I).' In' both' cases,' a' cytotoxic' species'is'generated,'and'destruction'of'the'cancer'cells'occurs.' Success'in'PDT'relies'on'the'advantage'that'a'non:invasive'technique can'selectively'annihilate'altered'cells'without'undesirable'side'effects.'Recent' research' in'PDT'has' been' focused' on' the'development' of'more' specific' and' powerful'PSs.' In' this' thesis,' the' photophysical' properties' of' different' kinds' of' PSs,' found' to'be'good'candidates' for'PDT,'have'been' investigated.'The'PSs'under' study'differ'in'the'chemical'nature'and'in'the'photosensitization'mechanism:' i)' PSs' based' on' the' nucleobases' analogue' of' DNA' can' be' used' as' UVA' chemotherapeutic'agents,'due'to'their'absorption'in'the'range'300−400'nm;' ii)'PSs'based'on'the'Ru(II)'polypyridine'complex,'which'are'designed'to'give'a' long:lying'excited'state,'can'act'as'PSs'through'both'type'I'and'II'reactions;'iii)' PSs' based' on' aza:BODIPY' core' should' be' of' interest' for' type' II'mechanism.' Other' BODIPY' derivatives,' linked' to' an' antioxidant' molecule' (e.g.' α: tocopherol)' have' been' suggested' to' obtain' a' chemicontrolled' 1O2' photosensitization.' Density' functional' theory' (DFT)' and' time:dependent' DFT' (TD:DFT)' have' been'employed'in'all'the'computations.''